Techno-economical evaluations of decarbonized hydrogen production based on direct biogas conversion using thermo-chemical looping cycles

Hydrogen production by biogas conversion represent a promising solution for reduction of fossil CO₂ emissions. In this work, a detailed techno-economic analysis was performed for decarbonized hydrogen production based on biogas conversion using calcium and chemical looping cycles. All evaluated concepts generate 100,000 Nm³/h high purity hydrogen. As reference cases, the biogas steam reforming design without decarbonization and with CO₂ capture by gas-liquid chemical absorption were also considered. The results show that iron-based chemical looping design has higher energy efficiency compared with the gas-liquid absorption case by 2.3 net percentage points as well as a superior carbon capture rate (99% vs. 65%). The calcium looping case shows a lower efficiency than chemical scrubbing, with about 2.5 net percentage points, but the carbon capture rate is higher (95% vs. 65%). The hydrogen production cost increases with decarbonization, the calcium looping shows the most favourable situation (37.14 €/MWh) compared to the non-capture steam reforming case (33 €/MWh) and MDEA and iron looping cases (about 42 €/MWh). The calcium looping case has the lowest CO₂ avoidance cost (10 €/t) followed by iron looping (20 €/t) and MDEA (31 €/t) cases.     

Research on H2/Air rotating detonation in the hollow chamber with double injection

In order to investigate the relationship between high frequency tangential instability and continuous rotating detonation, series of H₂/Air rotating detonations are experimentally achieved in the hollow chamber with double injection sections. In the center part, gaseous H₂ and air injected by co-axial injector. Near the outer wall, the same propellants are injected in the form of slit-orifice collision. By keeping the total air mass flow rate approximately constant, varying the mixture of the inner and outer injection, series experiments are conducted in the test model with or without Laval nozzle. The results verify the possibility of rotating detonation in the hollow chamber with co-axial injector. To clarify the relationship between continuous rotating detonation and high frequency tangential combustion instability, the intrinsic frequencies of the test model are captured to be compared with propagation frequencies of detonation waves. The results show that they are close to each other when enough propellant assembled near the outer wall. In the combustor, the flame direction in constant pressure mode can change itself into rotating direction spontaneously. The results indicate that rotating detonation is an implication to high frequency tangential instability.     

Investigation of the redox performance of pyrite cinder calcined at different temperature in chemical looping combustion

As an industrial solid waste, pyrite cinder exhibited excellent reactivity and cycle stability in chemical looping combustion. Prior to the experiment, oxygen carriers often experienced a high temperature calcination process to stabilize the physico-chemical properties, which presented significant influence on the redox performance of oxygen carriers. However, the effect of calcination temperature on the cyclic reaction performance of pyrite cinder has not been studied in detail. In this work, the effect of calcination temperature on the redox activity and attrition characteristic of pyrite cinder were studied in a fluidized-bed reactor using CH₄ as fuel. A series of pyrite cinder samples were prepared by controlling the calcination temperature. The redox activity and attrition rate of the obtained pyrite cinder samples were investigated deeply. The results showed that calcination temperature displayed significant impact on the redox performance of pyrite cinder. Considering CH₄ conversion (80%–85%) and attrition resistance, the pyrite cinder calcined at 1050?℃ presented excellent redox properties. In the whole experiment process, the CO₂ selectivity of the pyrite cinder samples were not affected by the calcination temperature and were still close to 100%. The results can provide reference for optimizing the calcination temperature of pyrite cinder during chemical looping process.     

基于电信号特征分析的电机故障诊断技术

介绍了电机故障诊断技术平台的组成,分析了电机常见故障下电信号的特征。利用宜昌和景洪工厂两台电机进行了实际对比测试,宜昌工厂电机定子电流特征频率在49.2Hz时表现出峰值-36.08dB,在50.8Hz时表现峰值则为-37.23dB,表明电机存在转子断条故障;景洪工厂电机在转子特征频率为113.51Hz时,出现峰值-58.47dB,表明电机存在静态偏心故障。经电机现场抽芯检查,验证了电机故障快速诊断平台给出的电机健康状态评估结果,证实了基于电信号特征分析的电机故障诊断技术的准确性。     

Microstructure,tribological behavior and magnetic properties of Fe−Ni−TiO2 composite coatings synthesized via pulse frequency variation

The Fe−Ni−TiO₂ nanocomposite coatings were electrodeposited by pulse frequency variation. The results showed that the nanocomposite with a very dense coating surface and a nanocrystalline structure was produced at higher frequencies. By increasing the pulse frequency from 10 to 500 Hz, the iron and TiO₂ nanoparticles contentswere increased in expense of nickel content. XRD patterns showed that by increasing the frequency to 500 Hz, an enhancement ofBCC phase was observed and the grain size of deposits was reduced to 35 nm. The microhardness and the surface roughness were increased to 647 HV and 125 nm at 500 Hz due to the grain size reduction and higher incorporation of TiO₂ nanoparticles into the Fe−Ni matrix (5.13 wt.%). Moreover, the friction coefficient and wear rate values were decreased by increasing the pulse frequency;while the saturation magnetization and coercivity values of the composite deposits were increased.     

基于Matlab的量子激光雷达稳频通信模拟系统设计

传统通信模拟系统设计较为复杂,导致模拟过程消耗能量较大,不能准确模拟稳频通信质量。因此,提出基于Matlab的量子激光雷达稳频通信模拟系统。由于振荡器是雷达形成初始信号源的基础,通过分析振荡电路与相位噪声,获得相位噪声函数与通信频率存在的关系;为确保通信过程的稳定,将准确性与稳定性作为信号质量的评价指标,并采用锁频环稳频技术计算频率偏移程度,根据PID控制算法控制频率,量子激光雷达稳频通信;利用Matlab确定激光器、探测器等硬件组成结构,通过时序与数字阵列的设置完成模拟系统设计。仿真结果表明所提系统结构简便、性能稳定,能够真实模拟出稳频通信的信号质量。     

Improving the shelf life stability of vacuum-packed fresh-cut peaches (Prunus persica L.) by radio frequency heating in water

The present study aimed to investigate the influence of radio frequency (RF) heating at 70 and 80 °C, in comparison with the traditional conventional heating. The RF heating technology was applied for maintaining the colour and textural quality as well as inactivating the enzymatic activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and reducing the Escherichia coli growth in packaged fresh-cut peach samples. To evaluate this, 120 g of freshly cut peach fruit was placed in heat-resistant plastic bags, and 50 mL of sugar solution (12°Brix) was added to each bag and vacuum-packed for conventional heating and radio frequency (RF) heating. Our results demonstrated that the RF heating process could reduce the heating time by up to 83% at 70 and 80 °C as compared to conventional heating. Moreover, RF heating at 70 and 80 °C reduced the PPO enzymatic activity, which caused enzymatic browning, up to 85.46% and 93.5%, respectively, as compared to 40.86% reduction only for conventional heating. Furthermore, RF heating completely inhibited E. coli growth. Collectively, we demonstrated that RF heating is an emerging and promising technology for improving the quality of fresh-cut fruits such as peach during various storage conditions. The present study provides relatively novel information on the effectiveness of RF heating in maintaining the quality of fresh-cut peaches. In the future, we would like to investigate the effectiveness of RF heating on other agricultural products.     

Numerical Investigation of the Capture of Polydisperse Particles by Charged Droplets

The capture of particles by charged droplets was simulated by considering the electrostatic interactions of droplet-droplet and droplet-particle. The results indicate that the electrostatic repulsion between droplets leads to a dynamic accumulation mode of particles. However, the droplet spacing has an insignificant effect on the capture efficiency when the electrostatic deposition predominates. The increase of droplet charge remarkably improves the capture efficiency, in which the capture of fine particles accounts for the largest proportion. Compared to the droplet charge, the droplet size shows a limited improvement in the capture efficiency. Reducing the droplet velocity prolongs the capture time instead of enhancing the capture capacity per unit time, thereby improving capture efficiency.     

A triptycene derived hypercrosslinked polymer for gas capture and separation applications

This work describes facile synthesis of a porous polymeric material ( T-HCP ) using readily available reagents. Specifically, T-HCP is a thermally stable and hypercrosslinked polymer (HCP) that is essentially microporous with a high BET specific surface area (940 m² g^?1). Triptycene based polymers are known to feature internal free volume. Thus, the incorporation of triptycene units and extensive crosslinking by an external cross-linker in T-HCP makes it a promising adsorbent for small gas capture applications. Experimental results show that T-HCP demonstrated good CO₂ capture capacity of 132 mg g^?1 (273 K, 1 bar). Molecular hydrogen storage capacity of T-HCP is estimated to be 17.7 mg g^?1 (77 K, 1 bar). T-HCP revealed high CO₂/N₂ selectivity (up to 63) as well as promising CO₂/CH₄ (up to 9.1) selectivity suggesting its potential applicability for CO₂ separation from flue and natural gases.     

硼中子俘获治疗加速器ECR质子源电磁场仿真设计

电子回旋共振(ECR)质子源具有可给流强高、亮度高、可靠性高、使用频率高、易维护、小型化等优点，因而被硼中子俘获治疗(BNCT)装置的直线加速器所采用。本文利用CST软件对2.45 GHz ECR质子源进行优化设计。优化后ECR质子源的等离子体发生器腔体的尺寸为101.12 mm×45.00 mm，给出了脊波导耦合器的最优尺寸参数，使等离子体发生器腔体内电场强度提高为普通波导的4.5倍。通过Opera-3D对ECR质子源的引出电极结构进行了仿真计算，并给出了优化参数。另外，初步设计了质子源的线圈磁铁系统，优化了磁场分布。本文结果为质子源的研制提供了数据。